A basic method of analysis and procedure for the design of lug-pin combinations made of aluminum or steel alloys, with load applied axially, was given in the article “Analysis of Lugs and Shear Pins Made of Aluminum or Steel Alloys”, Product Engineering, May 1950, p 113. A tension efficiency factor was introduced to account for stress concentration effects in producing net-section tension failures. Also, shear tearout and bearing were treated as a single mode of failure, and curves were given for predicting such failure in lugs of steel and aluminum alloy.